Design and Fabrication of Solar Power Seed Sprayer ( Seed Scatter ) Machine

India is an agrarian economy where a significant portion of the population depends on agriculture for their livelihood. The mechanization of agricultural operations is essential for improving productivity, reducing labor dependency, and minimizing operational costs. Seed sowing is one of the most labor-intensive and time-consuming operations in farming, particularly for small and marginal farmers who cannot afford expensive motorized equipment. This project presents the design, fabrication, and testing of a Solar Powered Seed Sprayer Machine — a portable, low-cost device intended for small-scale farming operations. The machine utilizes a 3 W polycrystalline solar panel to charge a 12 V, 7 Ah rechargeable battery, which in turn powers a 12 V DC motor for wheel-driven locomotion, a 12 V DC fan for generating seed-dispersing airflow, and a micro servo motor for controlling the seed gate opening. Seeds are stored in a hopper container and released through a servo-controlled gate into a 4-inch PVC pipe. A DC fan mounted at the end of the pipe generates an airflow velocity of approximately 10.47 m/s, sufficient to propel seeds uniformly across the field in a broadcast pattern. The machine is wirelessly controlled via a Bluetooth module, allowing the operator to control movement and seeding parameters from a safe distance. The entire system is mounted on a mild steel (MS) square pipe frame measuring 25×25×3 mm, with four 4-inch diameter wheels providing stable ground traversal The system provides approximately 2.5 hours of continuous operation per charge. Design calculations including power consumption, torque requirements, wheel speed, airflow velocity, and frame loading have been performed and validated. The machine is environmentally clean, eliminates dependence on fossil fuels, is simple to operate without skilled labor, and is easily maintainable at the village level. This report presents the complete design methodology, component specifications, fabrication process, performance analysis, and future scope of the proposed system.