Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Edge-Based Smart Parking and Reservation System

This paper presented “Park Edge,” a unified, real-time peer-to-peer (P2P) parking management and reservation system. By integrating an ESP32-based hardware sensing layer with a scalable Google Firebase cloud backend, the system enables real-time slot tracking and updates with very low latency. A cross-platform mobile application built with the Flutter framework provides drivers with direct routing and secure, conflict-free advance reservations. Complete mathematical models and state transition algorithms were formulated to ensure reliable occupancy detection, shortest-path lane routing, and secure cashless payments. Performance evaluations confirm high detection accuracy (94.7%) and fast edge-to-cloud sync times (< 2 seconds), establishing the system as a highly practical, secure, and scalable solution for modern smart city infrastructures. In future work, we plan to extend the platform by integrating AI-driven demand forecasting models to support dynamic pricing. We also aim to add automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) using camera feeds, and support for dedicated electric vehicle (EV) charging slots to further enhance urban mobility.

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