Design and Implementation of LIDAR System for Distance Measurements

LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is an optical remote sensing system that can measure the distance to a target by shining light on the target. LIDAR technology is used in robotics to recognize the environment and classify objects. The ability of LIDAR technology to provide a 2D elevation map of the terrain, a highly accurate distance to the ground, and an approach speed allows robots and manned vehicles to land accurately and safely. LIDAR consists of a transmitter that illuminates the target with a laser beam and a receiver that can detect light components that are substantially coaxial with the transmitted beam. The receiver sensor calculates the distance based on the time it takes for the light to reach and return to its destination. A mechanical mechanism with a mirror uses a rotating nodding mirror to pan the light beam and cover the desired scene in one plane or even in 3D. LIDAR can measure distances up to 40 meters, making this system suitable for urban environments. The rider was mounted on a stepper motor and covered the entire area. This paper describes the design and implementation of LIDAR for distance measurement.