Design and Simulation of Solar PV System with MPPT using Perturb & Observe Method in MATLAB/Simulink

The present work, “Design and Simulation of Solar PV System with MPPT using Perturb and Observe Method in MATLAB/Simulink,” successfully demonstrates the modeling, simulation, and performance analysis of a photovoltaic (PV) system integrated with a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller based on the Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm. A comprehensive MATLAB/Simulink model was developed to evaluate the performance of the PV system under varying environmental conditions, including changes in solar irradiance and cell temperature. The simulation results reveal that solar irradiance has a significant influence on the output current and power of the PV system, whereas cell temperature primarily affects the output voltage. These environmental variations continuously shift the operating point of the PV array, thereby highlighting the importance of implementing an MPPT algorithm to ensure maximum power extraction. The implemented P&O algorithm successfully tracks the Maximum Power Point (MPP) by continuously adjusting the operating point of the PV system. Simulation results confirm that the proposed MPPT controller improves power extraction, enhances system efficiency, and provides stable operation under different operating conditions. Although the conventional P&O algorithm is simple, reliable, and easy to implement, it exhibits small steady-state oscillations around the MPP, which slightly reduce the overall system efficiency. In future work, the proposed system can be enhanced by implementing an adaptive step-size Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm, which offers a better compromise between tracking speed and steady-state accuracy. Such an approach can significantly reduce oscillations around the Maximum Power Point while maintaining fast convergence under rapidly changing weather conditions. Furthermore, the integration of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) can be considered to improve system reliability and ensure continuous power supply during periods of low solar irradiance or nighttime operation. In addition, advanced MPPT techniques based on Artificial Intelligence (AI), Fuzzy Logic, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), or Machine Learning (ML) may be incorporated to further enhance tracking accuracy and overall system performance. These improvements would make the proposed PV system more suitable for standalone, grid-connected, and hybrid renewable energy applications.

[1] Perturb and Observe MPPT Algorithm for Solar PV Systems-Modeling and Simulation. Jacob James Nedumgatt, Jayakrishnan K. B., Umashankar S., Vijayakumar D., School of Electrical Engineering VIT University Vellore, India. [email protected], [email protected] [email protected], [email protected].   [2]   Modelling and Simulation of Perturb and Observe MPPT Algorithm Based on The PI Controller for Photovoltaic System. Ahlam Mohamad Shakoor Hersh Hasan Taha Petroleum and Energy Kirkuk Refinery Department Technical College of Engineering North Refineries Company Sulaimani Polytechnic University Ministry of Oil Sulaimani, Iraq Salah Al-Din, Iraq [email protected] [email protected]  Volume 7 - Issue 2- December 2022 DOI: 10.24017/Science.2022.2.6 Article history: Received: 19/06/2022 Accepted: 20/11/2022   [3] Design and Simulation of a Photovoltaic System with MPPT Control using P&O Algorithm Mr. Amit Malviya1 , Mr. Burla Sridhar2 1Student, Electrical & Electronics, Oriental Institute Of Science And Technology 2Assistant Professor, Electrical & Electronics, Oriental Institute Of Science And Technology Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025 [4] Maximum Power Point Tracking in Solar PV Systems , CEP Course on “Converter Topologies for Grid Connected PV System, Prof . Suryanarayana Doolla Dept. of Energy Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay [5] ORIGAMI BASED FOLDING TECHNIQUES FOR SOLAR PANEL APPLICATIONS S. Yogesh, M. Yogalakshmi, M. Abishek, R. Ari Prasath Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Kattankulatur, Tamil Nadu. India Dr. G. Madhusudanan Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Kattankulatur, Tamil Nadu. India [6] Title: Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic System using MATLAB/Simulink Authors: Huan-Liang Tsai, Ci-Siang Tu, Yi-Jie Su Journal: International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering Link: https://www.ijert.org/modeling-and-simulation-of-photovoltaic-system-using-matlab-simulink [7] ADVANCEMENTS IN SOLAR CELL TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR MULTIFACETED APPLICATIONS IN A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE May 2025 International Journal of Progressive Research in Engineering Management and Science5(5):683-691 DOI: 10.58257/IJPREMS41252 [8] https://www.niser.ac.in/sps/assets/files/msc-phd/I-V_characteristics_of_solar_cell. [9] Investigation the effect of the temperature and irradiance on the output parameters of solar cell  Ali Natheer Tuaimah 2 Shaker A. A. AL-Saidi 1Department of Physics- Collage of Science-University of Thi-Qar, Iraq. 2Department of Physics- College of Education of Pure Sciences- University of Thi-Qar, Iraq.  Website: jsci.utq.edu.iq Email: [email protected] Volume 7, Number 1, June 2019   [10] SOLAR RADIATION ENERGY (FUNDAMENTALS) SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION AND PHOTOENERGY SYSTEMS – Vol. I - Solar Radiation Energy (Fundamentals) - L. Wald