Design & Fabrication of Automatic Welding Machine: A Review

Automation in welding processes has become essential to improve productivity, consistency, and safety in modern manufacturing industries. This project focuses on the design and fabrication of an automatic welding machine in which the welding electrode remains stationary while the workpiece rotates in a circular motion about a single axis. The system also incorporates a mechanism to provide controlled forward and backward movement of the welding rod, enabling uniform weld bead formation. The proposed machine aims to reduce human involvement, minimise welding defects, and ensure repeatability in circular welding operations. A mechanical structure integrated with DC motors, lead screw mechanisms, and a rigid frame was designed and fabricated. The developed model demonstrates the feasibility of achieving automatic circular welding with consistent motion control. This project highlights a cost-effective approach suitable for small-scale industries and educational applications.