Development and Performance Assessment of Sustainable Self-Compacting Concrete Incorporating Fly Ash and Granite Waste as Alternative Cementitious and Aggregate Materials

• Class F fly ash and granite waste can be incorporated successfully into SCC while maintaining the required high flowability. • Slump-flow values remained between 745 and 770 mm, demonstrating effective fresh-state control through mixture proportioning and superplasticizer adjustment. • The 30% fly-ash control developed lower early-age compressive strength than the ordinary Portland cement control, but its later-age performance improved substantially. • Moderate granite-waste replacement improved compressive strength through filler action, particle packing and aggregate–paste interlocking, whereas higher replacement progressively reduced strength. • F30G30 produced the most favourable compressive response, reaching 46.5 MPa at 28 days, 59.0 MPa at 180 days and 64.2 MPa at 365 days. • Split tensile strength was highest near 30% granite-waste replacement, while flexural strength reached its maximum at F30G35. • The combined performance indicates that approximately 30–35% granite-waste replacement with 30% fly ash provides a balanced engineering response for the investigated SCC system. • The material combination offers a route to reduce Portland cement consumption and natural fine-aggregate demand while retaining structural performance.

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