Development of a Multifunction Solar-Powered Smart precision Agriculture Application

The proposed Development of a Multifunction Solar-Powered Smart Pesticide Spraying and Crop Cutting Machine for Precision Agriculture Applications provides an innovative approach to improving agricultural efficiency through automation and renewable energy utilization. The system integrates pesticide spraying and crop cutting into a single mobile platform, reducing the need for separate equipment. The Arduino UNO controller, HC-05 Bluetooth module, and smartphone application enable convenient wireless control of robot movement and agricultural operations. The DC geared motors and motor driver support mobility, while the DC pump and spray nozzles facilitate pesticide application. A high-speed DC motor operates the cutting blade for suitable crop-cutting activities. The solar panel and rechargeable lithium battery provide an energy-efficient power supply, reducing dependence on conventional electricity. The LCD display improves operational monitoring by displaying system status and relevant battery information. The proposed design aims to features a compact frame with wheels, making it easy to move across suitable agricultural field surfaces. The system aims to provide cost-effective farming by reducing manual effort, improving operational convenience, minimizing direct exposure to pesticides, and supporting sustainable precision farming practices, reduce manual labor, minimize direct pesticide exposure, improve operational convenience, and support sustainable farming practices.  However, actual performance depends on battery capacity, solar charging conditions, motor efficiency, terrain characteristics, and crop requirements. Experimental validation is necessary to establish spraying uniformity, cutting effectiveness, and operating duration. Overall, the Agribot offers a promising foundation for affordable agricultural automation, particularly for small and medium-scale farms, with potential for future improvements through autonomous navigation and intelligent crop monitoring.

[1] K. Gayathri Devi, C. Senthil Kumar, and K. Balasubramanian, “A survey on the design of autonomous and semiautonomous pesticide sprayer robot,” El-Cezeri Journal of Science and Engineering, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 371–381, Jan. 2022, DOI:10.31202/ecjse.1005808 [2] A. T. Meshram, A. V. Vanalkar, K. B. Kalambe, and A. M. Badar, “Pesticide spraying robot for precision agriculture: A categorical literature review and future trends,” Journal of Field Robotics, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 153–171, Mar. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.22043 [3] S. T. Ayyagari, S. K. K. Erakkat, S. T. S., and M. Neerati, “Design and fabrication of solar powered remote controlled all terrain sprayer and mower robot,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.05236, Jun. 2021. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.05236. [4] B. S. Yaswanth, N. P. Raj, B. P. Rahul, V. M. Moger, and B. T. V. Murthy, “Solar power based agriculture robot for pesticide spraying, grass cutting and seed sowing,” in Distributed Computing and Optimization Techniques. Singapore: Springer, 2022, pp. 795–805, DOI:10.1007/978-981-19-2281-7_73 [5] A. M. Yerne, A. P. Duthade, A. R. Rewatkar, A. V. Bhat, and N. P. Mandrile, “Solar powered remote control grass cutter & pesticide spraying robot,” International Journal of Novel Research and Development, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. c572–c576, Apr. 2024. [Online]. Available: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2404300.pdf. [6] H. A. A. Sayed, Q. Lai, J. Tu, M. A. Abdelhamid, T. Kh. Abdelkader, T. M. Tawfik, R. O. Olajide, M. Uddin, and M. Refai, “Solar-powered agricultural robots: A systematic review of technological synergies, sustainability impacts, and future pathways for autonomous farming,” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 243, Art. no. 111415, Mar. 2026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2026.111415 [7] K. Lochan, A. Khan, I. Elsayed, B. Suthar, L. Seneviratne, and I. Hussain, “Advancements in precision spraying of agricultural robots: A comprehensive review,” IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 129447–129483, 2024, DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3450904. [8] M. H. F. Md Fauadi, T. Tibyani, N. N. Majdi, S. J. Tay, and D. A. Kurniawati, “Energy-efficient and intelligent autonomous spraying robot for precision agriculture using solar power and fuzzy logic,” Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, vol. 25, no. 2, Art. no. D1820, 2026, DOI: 10.46488/NEPT.2026.v25i02.D1820. [9] M. H. F. Md Fauadi, T. Tibyani, N. N. Majdi, S. J. Tay, and D. A. Kurniawati, “Energy-efficient and intelligent autonomous spraying robot for precision agriculture using solar power and fuzzy logic,” Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, vol. 25, no. 2, Art. no. D1820, 2026, DOI : https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.16.4.14469. [10] Chand, A. A., Prasad, K. A., Mar, E., Dakai, S., Mamun, K. A., Islam, F. R., Mehta, U., & Kumar, N. M. (2021). Design and Analysis of Photovoltaic Powered Battery-Operated Computer Vision-Based Multi-Purpose Smart Farming Robot. Agronomy, 11(3), 530.  https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030530