Electricity Generated by Vegetable Waste

The rapid increase in organic waste generation, particularly vegetable waste from households, markets, and food processing industries, presents both an environmental challenge and an opportunity for sustainable energy recovery. This paper explores the potential of converting vegetable waste into electricity using bio-electrochemical systems, specifically Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs). Vegetable waste, rich in biodegradable organic matter such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, serves as an effective substrate for microbial metabolism. In this study, vegetable waste samples including potato peels, tomato residues, and leafy discards were processed and introduced into a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell. Electro genic bacteria facilitated the breakdown of organic compounds under anaerobic conditions, releasing electrons and protons. The electrons were transferred through an external circuit, generating measurable electrical current, while protons migrated through a proton exchange membrane to complete the circuit Key parameters such as pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and electrode material were optimized to enhance power output. The experimental setup demonstrated a maximum power density of X mW/m² and a stable voltage output over a continuous operation period of Y days. Additionally, the system achieved partial waste degradation, indicating its dual benefit of waste management and energy production. The findings highlight the feasibility of using vegetable waste as a low-cost, renewable feedstock for electricity generation. Although current power outputs are relatively low for large-scale applications, advancements in electrode materials, microbial efficiency, and reactor design could significantly improve performance. This technology offers a promising pathway toward decentralized energy systems and sustainable waste-to-energy solutions, particularly in urban and semi-urban settings.