Enhancement of Microgrid Efficiency through Strategic Management of Distributed Energy Resources Integrated Unified Power Quality Conditioner

The presented figures are reproduced from the uploaded documentation, not generated by a new simulation run. Numerical conclusions are therefore limited to the cases, parameterization and measurements reported in that source. The major technical contribution is coordinated operation of PV, battery and UPQC using one common DC link, alongside reference-current-based switch protection. This arrangement can reduce grid burden, mitigate harmonic currents and maintain load voltage during sag events. However, the trade-off between temporary grid-current distortion and switch protection needs explicit evaluation against grid-code limits. Reproducibility also requires complete component ratings, switching frequency, sample time, plant parameters and original MATLAB/Simulink files, which are not supplied as executable models in the uploaded document. In conclusion, the documented PV–BESS–UPQC strategy provides a useful architecture for power-quality improvement and DER management in low-voltage microgrids. Reported tests demonstrate substantial normal-mode harmonic reduction and rapid protective current redistribution during overload. Further work should compare baseline and proposed controls under identical parameter sets, quantify losses and energy efficiency, and independently validate robustness over a wider range of battery SOC and grid disturbances.

[1] P. Ray, M. L. K. Liyanage, P. K. Ray, and P. S. Puhan, “Grid following and grid forming control modes of der fed vsi with transition of operational modes for microgrid with critical load,” in 2023 5th International Conference on Energy, Power and Environment: Towards Flexible Green Energy Technologies (ICEPE), 2023, pp. 1–6.   [2] V. Khadkikar, “Enhancing electric power quality using upqc: A comprehensive overview,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 2284–2297, 2012.   [3] A. Heenkenda, A. Elsanabary, M. Seyedmahmoudian, S. Mekhilef, A. Stojcevski, and N. F. A. Aziz, “Unified power quality conditioners based different structural arrangements: A comprehensive review,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 43 435–43 457, 2023.   [4] L. B. G. Campanhol, S. A. O. da Silva, A. A. de Oliveira, and V. D. Bacon, “Single-stage three-phase grid-tied pv system with universal filtering capability applied to dg systems and ac microgrids,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 9131–9142, 2017.   [5] D. Sera, L. Mathe, T. Kerekes, S. V. Spataru, and R. Teodorescu, “On the perturb-and-observe and incremental conductance mppt methods for pv systems,” IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1070–1078, 2013.   [6] N. Femia, G. Petrone, G. Spagnuolo, and M. Vitelli, “Optimization of perturb and observe maximum power point tracking method,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 963–973, 2005.   [7] V. Monteiro, C. Moreira, J. A. Pecas Lopes, C. H. Antunes, G. J. Os´orio, J. P. S. Catal˜ao, and J. L. Afonso, “A novel three-phase multiobjective unified power quality conditioner,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 59–70, 2024.   [8] S. Devassy and B. Singh, “Performance analysis of solar pv array and battery integrated unified power quality conditioner for microgrid systems,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 4027–4035, 2021.