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Stream/Area:
-
Subject:
-
Paper ID:
IJSREM67952
Volume:
10 |
10 |
Oct 2026
Pages:
1-13
Publication Frequency:
Monthly (12 issues per year)
License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.
FIRE TECHNOLOGY & SAFETY ENGINEERING
VIKRANT UNIVERSITY, GWALIOR
FIRE TECHNOLOGY & SAFETY ENGINEERING
VIKRANT UNIVERSITY, GWALIOR
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is widely used in industrial applications, including heating, metal processing, paint curing, and other manufacturing operations within the automotive sector. Although LPG offers operational advantages, its flammable nature creates significant hazards associated with leakage, fire, explosion, occupational exposure, and environmental consequences. Automotive manufacturing facilities may also face risks arising from inadequate ventilation, equipment deterioration, improper handling practices, ignition sources, and insufficient emergency preparedness. This paper presents a systematic framework for evaluating environmental hazards and occupational safety risks associated with LPG handling facilities in automotive industries. The proposed methodology integrates hazard identification, workplace inspection, risk assessment, environmental monitoring, and evaluation of existing safety controls. Techniques such as Hazard Identification (HAZID), Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP), Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and risk matrix assessment are considered for identifying and prioritising hazardous conditions. Environmental evaluation focuses on accidental gas releases, atmospheric dispersion, potential ignition, fire and explosion consequences, and relevant environmental impacts. Occupational safety evaluation addresses equipment integrity, worker exposure, operational procedures, maintenance practices, training, and emergency response. A quantitative risk-ranking model is proposed to support the comparison of LPG-related hazards and the prioritisation of preventive measures. The paper also outlines strategies for improving engineering controls, gas detection, ventilation, fire protection, inspection, and safety management. The framework is intended to assist automotive manufacturers in developing a more systematic approach to LPG safety and environmental risk management. As the study is conceptual, the proposed model requires validation using facility-specific observations, exposure measurements, and incident data before its effectiveness can be established.
KEYWORDS
This study proposes an integrated framework for evaluating environmental hazards and occupational safety risks in LPG handling facilities of automotive industries. The approach combines systematic hazard identification, environmental consequence assessment, occupational risk evaluation, risk ranking, and verification of preventive and mitigating controls. The framework addresses major concerns such as gas leakage, atmospheric dispersion, fire and explosion, equipment failure, unsafe maintenance, and emergency preparedness. It also provides a structure for evaluating environmental effects and establishing corrective-action priorities. The proposed methodology is intended to complement applicable Indian regulations and technical standards rather than replace them. Its final configuration must reflect the specific LPG installation, applicable legal requirements, and the hazards identified at the facility. The framework's effectiveness remains to be established through empirical testing. Field observations, environmental measurements, equipment inspection data, incident records, and post-intervention assessments are required to determine whether the proposed methodology improves risk identification and safety management in automotive manufacturing environments.
1. Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB). (2019, as amended in 2025). Technical Standards and Specifications Including Safety Standards for LPG Storage, Handling and Bottling Facilities Regulations. 2. Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD). OISD-STD-144: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Installations. 3. Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD). OISD-STD-210: Storage, Handling and Refuelling of LPG for Automotive Use. 4. Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD). OISD-RP-158: Recommended Practices on Storage and Handling of Bulk Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). 5. Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board. Technical Standards and Specifications Including Safety Standards for LPG Storage, Handling and Bottling Facilities Regulations, 2019. 6. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, 29 CFR 1910.119. 7. International Organization for Standardization. (2018). ISO 31000:2018 — Risk Management: Guidelines. 8. International Electrotechnical Commission. (2016). IEC 31010:2019 — Risk Management: Risk Assessment Techniques.
Publication Date
10/14/2026
Peer Review Type
Double-Blind Peer Review
Review Rounds: 2
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Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest related to this research work.
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No funding information available for this research.
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