EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCRETE USING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE ASH AND EGG SHELL POWDER AS PARTIAL CEMENT REPLACEMENT

An experimental investigation into the combined use of egg shell powder (ESP) and municipal solid waste ash (MSWA) as partial cement replacement in M20 grade concrete leads to the following conclusions. •  Workability improves progressively as MSWA content increases from 0% to 20% at a fixed 5% ESP dose, with all mixes remaining within the medium-workability range and no segregation or bleeding observed. •  Hardened density remains essentially unaffected by the replacement, varying by less than 1% about the control across the entire series. •  Compressive strength increases with MSWA content up to 15%, the combination of 5% ESP with 15% MSWA giving the highest 28-day strength of approximately 26 N/mm² — 28.7% above the control — before declining at 20% MSWA. •  Flexural strength follows the same trend, rising from 2.10 N/mm² (control) to a maximum of 2.74 N/mm² (30.5% improvement) at the same optimum combination. •  A combined replacement of 5% ESP with 15% MSWA — 20% total cement displacement — is identified as the optimum for M20 grade concrete, suitable for plain and lightly reinforced applications in non-aggressive exposure, subject to further durability qualification. •  At the optimum mix, roughly 83 kg/m³ of cement is displaced, avoiding an indicative 75–80 kg CO₂ per cubic metre and diverting an equal mass of waste from landfill, giving concrete practical effect to circular-economy policy for two locally abundant waste streams. •  Future work should extend the investigation to durability testing, microstructural characterisation, and structural-element behaviour at the optimum replacement level.

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