Experimental Study on Ambient-Cured Geopolymer Concrete Using Industrial By-Products for Low- Carbon Construction

The production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is responsible for significant carbon dioxide emissions and environmental degradation. To address this issue, geopolymer concrete (GPC) has emerged as a sustainable alternative binder system utilizing industrial by-products such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). This study investigates the mechanical and durability performance of ambient-cured geopolymer concrete prepared using industrial waste materials. The experimental program includes the evaluation of workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and durability characteristics under ambient curing conditions. Various mix proportions were prepared using fly ash and GGBS activated with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions. The results show that ambient- cured geopolymer concrete achieves comparable or higher strength than conventional concrete while significantly reducing carbon emissions. The utilization of industrial by-products not only enhances sustainability but also reduces construction costs and waste disposal issues. The study concludes that ambient- cured geopolymer concrete is a viable material for low-carbon construction and sustainable infrastructure development.