Experimental Study on Concrete using steel scrap and foundry sand as partial replacement of fine aggregate

By  performing the research on various aspects of WFS with steel scrap and its potential applications in , concrete  were done. The following conclusions are the result of this work: Compressive Strength is maximum at 30 % replacement of fine aggregate with Waste Foundry sand, which is best  at 28 days keeping values of steel scrap as 1.5% Flexural Strength followed almost the same path with 30 % having highest strength with value of 4.35 MPs for M25 Concrete. Water Absorption values are maximum for 35 % to be 15% as waste foundry sand absorb more amount of water.  In concrete, WFS showed impact on density, between 1.45% and 3%. Workability tends to decrease with increasing WFS, although a replacement of up to 10% does not present high variations. A higher replacement can result in losses from 20% to 80% of workability and incorporation of up to 20% of WFS in concrete decreases workability within a range of 3–17% due to inter particle sizes and impurities. The compressive strength can increased by up to 14% with 15% of WFS. However, the loss of compressive strength becomes more evident starting from a 35% replacement. • The Changes in the results found in workability, mechanical strength, and durability may be due to differences in composition, fineness modulus, cementitious material, and replacement rate used. • The incorporation of WFS with steel scrap results in material cost savings ranging from 7.5% to 10%. This will depend on the degree of substitution and the prices of materials in each country. In summary, while incorporating WFS with steel scrap in  concrete offers environmental sustanability issues remain in workability and strength, particularly at higher replacement levels. By Pretreatment methods like water washing and acid treatment it can be made better performing but a careful mix design should be done due to variability in WFS properties.

[1] S.A. Miller, V.M. John, S.A. Pacca, A. Horvath, Carbon dioxide reduction potential in the global cement industry by 2050, Cement. Concrete. Res. 114 (2018) 115–124.  [2] Marcus Fairs. Sand becomes increasingly scarce and expensive Glass making and construction. 11 October 2017 (2017). [3] A.P. Adewuyi, T. Adegoke, Exploratory study of periwinkle shells as coarse aggregates in concrete works, J. Appl. Sci. Res. 4 (12) (2008) 1678–1681.  [4] Z. Yang, J. Huddleston, H. Brown, Effects of wood ash on properties of concrete and flowable fill, J. Mater. Sci. Chem. Eng. 4 (2016) 101–114.   [5] T. Gupta, S. Siddique, R.K. Sharma, S. Chaudhary, Effect of elevated temperature and cooling regimes on mechanical and durability properties of concrete containing waste rubber fiber, Constr. Build. Material. 137 (2017) 35–45. [6] Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), Specification for Methods of Tests for Strength of Concrete BIS:516-1999 (2002). [7] BIS 13311 (Part 1), Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete-Methods of Test. [8]. ACI Committee 544, Placing, and Finishing Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Reported by ACI Committee 544 [9]. ACI Committee 544, State-of-the-Art Report on Fiber Reinforced Concrete [10]. Swamy RN, Mangat PS (1974) Influence of fibreaggregate interaction on some properties of steel fibre reinforced concrete.Mat Constr 7(5):307