Experimetal Plasma Confinement in Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors

Laboratory fusion has achieved landmark physics milestones, including laser ignition at NIF (Abu-Shawareb et al., 2024; Danson & Gizzi, 2023) and steady-state optimization at W7-X (Klinger et al., 2019). Realizing commercial fusion power requires advancing tungsten wall survival under 14.1 MeV neutron bombardment, establishing tritium breeding self-sufficiency, and scaling high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets.

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