Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Bio-Based Reinforced Natural Fiber Composites

The growing environmental concerns and depletion of non-renewable resources have increased the demand for sustainable and eco-friendly materials in engineering applications. Bio-based reinforced natural fiber composites have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional synthetic composites due to their biodegradability, low cost, light weight, and renewability. In this project, natural fibers such as jute, sisal, or hemp are used as reinforcement along with a suitable polymer matrix like epoxy or polyester resin. The study mainly focuses on the fabrication of these composites using the compression moulding technique and evaluating their mechanical performance. The fabrication process involves the preparation of natural fibers, including cleaning and alkali treatment to improve fiber–matrix bonding. The treated fibers are then arranged in a mould, combined with the resin matrix, and subjected to controlled pressure and temperature using a compression moulding machine. This method ensures uniform thickness, proper fiber distribution, reduced voids, and improved surface finish. After fabrication, the composite laminates are cooled, removed from the mould, and cut into standard specimens for testing. Mechanical characterization is carried out through tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness tests to evaluate the strength, stiffness, toughness, and surface properties of the composites. The results show that compression moulded natural fiber composites exhibit enhanced mechanical properties due to improved interfacial bonding and optimized processing conditions. These composites are found to be suitable for various applications such as automotive components, construction materials, and consumer products, thereby offering a sustainable and efficient alternative to traditional materials.