Factors Influencing Urban Water Bodies in Ecological Contexts

Water quality in rivers is supposed to be affected in both the urban and rural regions, both naturally and by human causes. River watershed determines the water quality of the river based on changes and factors that occur in it. Thus, the most important factors which can influence the water quality of rivers need to be determined. This study is an appraisal on aqua ecology factors in managing water quality as well as time and space fluctuations that affect water quality in rural and urban rivers which flow in the area of interest for aqua ecology. Reasons like weathering of rocks, sedimentation through surface flow or evapotranspiration, atmospheric deposition, climate change, and natural catastrophes cause the deterioration of river water. The human element can be seen in industrial effluent, in domestic chores, and from agriculture activities such as slurry, dairy farming, irrigation practices, deforestation and fish farming. It is talked about river water quality fluctuations in space and time and is posed as either a positive or negative influence on water quality parameters as land use or cover change is being taken into consideration. Last but not the least is that along with the traditional pollutants which are the degraders of biodegradable organic matter, heavy metals and pathogens which act as emerging and historical contaminants, there are OCPs, PAHs, PCBs and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFCs) among others.