GIS-Based Identification and Mitigation of Waterlogging-Prone Areas Using Terrain, Watershed and Infiltration Analysis

I.                        The terrain analysis using QGrid, QGIS, and Surfer 13 showed clear spatial variation in ground elevation across the study area. II.                      Contour and terrain maps identified distinct higher and lower elevation zones, along with local peaks and depressions. III.                     Watershed analysis identified natural runoff pathways and areas receiving surface flow from surrounding higher elevations. IV.                    The combination of low-lying areas, depressions, and converging runoff pathways indicated locations with greater potential for water accumulation and waterlogging. V.                      Infiltration testing at six selected locations showed considerable spatial variation, with infiltration rates ranging from 0.5 to 6.0 in/hr. VI.                    The highest infiltration rates were recorded at 270 m (6 in/hr) and 264 m (5 in/hr), indicating comparatively better infiltration conditions. VII.                   The lowest infiltration rates were recorded at 265 m (0.5 in/hr) and 261 m (1 in/hr), making these locations important for further drainage assessment, particularly where they coincide with runoff-converging or depressed areas. VIII.                 The integrated results of elevation, contours, watershed characteristics, depressions, and infiltration capacity were used to classify critical locations and provide a basis for developing site-specific engineering solutions for drainage and waterlogging management.

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