Graphene for Next-Generation Technologies: Properties, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Graphene is a one-atom thin carbon material with excellent electrical, mechanical and thermal properties and one of the most prospective substances in the modern science. Its excellent features help in the high-speed and all-purpose electronic gear, advanced batteries, water purification membranes, biomedical and new quantum inventions. The present paper examines the fundamental properties which make graphene a unique material and also discusses the current developments with the large-scale production processes like the chemical vapor deposition, roll-to-roll, production, laser induced reduction, and flash Joule heating. It also highlights the significant problems that still have to be resolved such as bringing the uniform large-area films into reality, stability in the long term, reduction of the production costs, environmental and health concerns. By analyzing the latest trends and developments, this work illustrates the way in which graphene is slowly becoming a key material of technologies of the future that will be intelligent, efficient and sustainable.