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Stream/Area:
-
Subject:
-
Paper ID:
IJSREM66991
Volume:
10 |
8 |
Aug 2026
Pages:
1-9
Publication Frequency:
Monthly (12 issues per year)
License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.
Department of chemistry
SVRM COLLEGE,NAGARAM
Department of PHYSICS
GDC Jammalamadugu,ysr kadapa
Groundwater is a critical source of drinking and domestic water in coastal Andhra Pradesh, where intensive abstraction, agriculture, urban development and proximity to the Bay of Bengal can influence groundwater chemistry. This review re-examines the groundwater-quality dataset reported for nine sampling locations in the former Bapatla mandal and places the historical findings in the context of current drinking-water standards and recent regional evidence. The original study measured pH, total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, nitrate, sulphate, potassium, magnesium, iron and turbidity. The reported station data were retained without alteration because they represent the original laboratory observations. However, several summary values and interpretations in the original article are internally inconsistent; therefore, descriptive statistics were recalculated directly from the station-level data. The recalculated means were 7.53 for pH, 492.44 mg/L for TH, 1749.11 mg/L for TDS, 294.76 mg/L for chloride, 0.72 mg/L for nitrate, 151.08 mg/L for sulphate, 5.38 mg/L for potassium, 181.56 mg/L for magnesium, 0.005 mg/L for iron and 2.17 NTU for turbidity. When compared with IS 10500:2012, the historical dataset shows widespread exceedance of the acceptable limits for TDS, total hardness, magnesium and turbidity, while chloride exceeds the acceptable limit at five of nine sites. The nitrate, sulphate, iron and pH values remain within the applicable limits. A transparent recalculation of the weighted-arithmetic WQI, using the same general framework but current BIS permissible limits and excluding potassium from the index because no BIS drinking-water limit is specified for it, gives WQI values of 40.58–62.35. Four stations (S1, S7, S8 and S9) fall in the poor category and the remaining five fall in the good category under the stated classification. Recent official and peer-reviewed evidence indicates that Bapatla continues to face groundwater-quality and salinity-management challenges. The review therefore emphasizes that the 2014 dataset should be treated as a historical baseline rather than as evidence of present-day water quality, and recommends renewed seasonal sampling, inclusion of electrical conductivity, major ions, fluoride, arsenic and microbiological indicators, and GIS-based monitoring for contemporary assessment.
KEYWORDS
This revised review demonstrates that the original Bapatla groundwater study remains useful as a historical baseline, but its derived statistics and WQI interpretation require correction before being reused. Direct recalculation of the station-level observations gives mean values of 7.53 pH, 492.44 mg/L TH, 1749.11 mg/L TDS, 294.76 mg/L chloride, 0.72 mg/L nitrate, 151.08 mg/L sulphate, 5.38 mg/L potassium, 181.56 mg/L magnesium, 0.005 mg/L iron and 2.17 NTU turbidity. Comparison with current BIS criteria shows that mineralization, hardness, magnesium and turbidity are the dominant historical concerns. A transparent recalculation using current permissible limits gives WQI values from 40.58 to 62.35, placing five stations in the good category and four in the poor category under the stated classification. Recent government documentation confirms that groundwater-quality and salinity issues remain relevant in Bapatla. The principal scientific priority is therefore to replace assumptions of present-day quality with a new, seasonal, georeferenced monitoring programme. The combination of updated standards, parameter-specific assessment, WQI, hydrochemical interpretation and GIS-based management offers a stronger framework for protecting groundwater resources and drinking-water security in coastal Bapatla.
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Publication Date
8/28/2026
Peer Review Type
Double-Blind Peer Review
Review Rounds: 2
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