Home Automation Using Bluetooth HC-05 and ATmega328

Home automation has become increasingly popular as it offers enhanced convenience, energy efficiency, and security. However, many commercially available solutions are expensive and require professional installation. This paper presents the design and implementation of a low-cost home automation system using the Bluetooth HC-05 module and ATmega328 microcontroller, providing an affordable and accessible alternative. The system allows users to control household appliances, such as lights and fans, wirelessly through a smartphone application. The hardware setup includes a Bluetooth module, microcontroller, and relay- based switching mechanism. The software is developed using the Arduino IDE, enabling seamless communication between the smartphone and the appliances. The performance of the system was evaluated based on communication range, latency, and power consumption, with the Bluetooth HC-05 module demonstrating effective control within a 10-meter range. While security concerns and communication range limitations were noted, the proposed system offers a practical solution for small-scale home automation. Future work includes expanding the system’s functionality by integrating voice control and IoT capabilities to enhance the user experience.