INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC–PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL AND HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS: A LITERATURE-BASED REVIEW

The literature reviewed in this paper demonstrates that improving renewable-energy performance requires simultaneous attention to generation, thermal management, energy storage, resource complementarity, and control. PV systems can benefit from thermal regulation because high operating temperatures are an important performance limitation. PCMs provide a passive thermal-storage mechanism, while fins, porous structures, nanoparticles, and other heat-transfer enhancements can improve their effectiveness [9,14,15,23]. Hybrid solar–wind configurations can improve renewable-resource utilization, but their performance depends strongly on local resource conditions, capacity sizing, storage, and control [3,5,8,19,20,24]. Transparent PV technologies additionally provide a pathway for converting building windows and envelopes into energy-generating surfaces [1,22]. On the basis of these findings, an integrated PV–PCM hybrid renewable-energy prototype is a technically relevant direction for future experimental work. The proposed system can combine PV generation, PCM-based thermal management, supplementary wind generation, electrical storage, sensing, and an energy-management controller. Future work should experimentally compare a reference PV module with the integrated configuration under controlled and outdoor conditions, quantify thermal and electrical performance, optimize PCM properties and geometry, and evaluate cost and lifecycle considerations. Such an approach can move the concept from literature synthesis toward a measurable and scalable renewable-energy solution.  

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