“Intelligent ADAS for Restricted Zone Warning”

This paper presents the design and implementation of an intelligent ESP32-based real-time GPS monitoring, geofencing, and Human Machine Interface (HMI) system integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for location tracking and smart zone-based monitoring applications. The proposed system utilizes an ESP32 dual-core microcontroller as the central processing unit, interfaced with a GPS module for acquiring live latitude, longitude, and speed information. A geofencing mechanism based on the Haversine distance algorithm is implemented to detect whether the target device is located inside or outside predefined geographical zones stored in SPIFFS memory. The system employs a hybrid Wi-Fi Access Point (AP) and Station (STA) architecture to provide both local connectivity and internet-based communication simultaneously. A built-in web server generates a real-time interactive HMI dashboard using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, AJAX, and JSON, enabling users to visualize GPS parameters, zone status, system logs, and live map information through smartphones or web browsers. Remote hardware control functions, including relay and voice activation, are implemented through HTTP-based communication. To improve multitasking performance and responsiveness, Free RTOS task scheduling and the ESP32 dual-core architecture are utilized for background Wi-Fi management and real-time system operation. The system further integrates MQTT protocol communication with Adafruit IO cloud services for remote GPS data publishing and IoT monitoring. Experimental implementation demonstrates reliable real-time operation, low-cost deployment, cloud integration, dynamic web interaction, and efficient geofence-based alert functionality. The proposed solution provides a scalable platform suitable for smart transportation, vehicle monitoring, safety systems, and intelligent location-aware applications