IOT and AI-Based Smart Crop Protection System for Real-Time Animals and Birds Detection

Agriculture is an important source of income in India, but farmers often suffer crop losses due to attacks by animals, insects, and birds. Animals such as buffaloes, cows, goats, birds, insects, and wild elephants enter farm fields in search of food and water, causing serious financial loss. It is difficult for farmers to watch their fields all the time. To solve this problem, this paper presents a smart and automatic system to detect animals, insects, and birds in agricultural fields. The system uses Infrared (IR) and ultrasonic sensors to detect movement near the farmland. When an intruder is detected, a controller turns on a sound system to safely scare the animals away and also sends alert messages to farmers through a GSM module. In addition, an IoT- and AI-based method using the Mobile Net model is included to improve early and accurate detection. The system works continuously to provide real-time monitoring and early warnings, helping to reduce crop damage and improve agricultural productivity in an eco-friendly manner.