IoT Based Automatic Vehicle Accident Detection and Rescue System

This paper has presented the IoT Based Automatic Ve-hicle Accident Detection and Rescue System using ESP32, developed with the primary goal of minimizing the delay in emergency response following a road accident [4][16]. The system was built using affordable and readily available components, including the ESP32 microcontroller, MPU6050 accelerometer and gyroscope sensor, NEO-6M GPS module, SIM800L GSM module, DHT11 temperature sensor, buzzer, LED indicators, and resistors [16][18]. The core objective of the system was to autonomously detect a vehicle accident without any human involvement and immediately transmit an alert message containing the precise location to pre-registered emergency contacts [12][13]. This objective was successfully validated through repeated testing. The system demonstrated the ability to detect accident events within 2 to 3 seconds, retrieve GPS coordinates, and deliver SMS alerts to emergency contacts within 30 to 40 seconds from the moment of accident detection [6][13]. The integration of the temperature sensor provided an additional layer of safety by identifying potential fire outbreaks or engine overheating in the vicinity of the vehicle following a collision [7][19]. The proposed system is straightforward in design, easy to in-stall across all vehicle types, and operates fully autonomously without requiring any input from the driver [5][17]. Its low cost further enhances its practicality and suitability for widespread real-world deployment [4][16]. The issue of false alarms was effectively addressed by carefully calibrating the threshold values of the MPU6050 sensor, ensuring that routine road disturbances such as bumps or vibrations do not trigger unnecessary alerts [11][18]. Overall, this system holds strong potential to contribute significantly to reducing road accident fatalities by ensuring that rescue teams are promptly and accurately informed about the accident location and prevailing conditions at the scene [1][8]. Every minute saved in emergency response time can prove to be the decisive factor between life and death for an accident victim [2][9][20].  

[1]     World Health Organization, “Global Status Report on Road Safety 2023,” WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2023. [2]     A. Kumar and R. Singh, “Smart Accident Detection and Rescue System Using IoT,” International Journal of Engineering Research and Technol-ogy, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 125–130, 2022. [3]     M. Patel, “IoT Based Vehicle Monitoring System,” Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Smart Transportation Systems, pp. 56–61, 2020. [4]     S. Sharma and P. Verma, “Vehicle Accident Detection Using ESP32 and GSM Technology,” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 201–208, 2022. [5]     R. Gupta, N. Mehta, and S. Jain, “Real-Time Accident Monitoring System Using IoT and Cloud Computing,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 45612–45625, 2022. [6]     K. Reddy and M. Rao, “Accident Detection and Emergency Response System Using GPS and GSM,” International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 89–97, 2021. [7]     A. K. Mishra et al., “Smart Vehicle Safety Framework Using IoT Technologies,” Sensors, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 3456–3471, 2022. [8]     Y. Zhang and X. Wang, “Internet of Things Enabled Transportation Safety Systems: A Review,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 8, no. 14, pp. 11234–11250, 2021. [9]     P. Sharma and V. Tiwari, “Automatic Vehicle Crash Notification System Using Embedded Sensors,” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 167, pp. 1023–1031, 2020. [10]    M. A. Khan and S. Lee, “Machine Learning Based Accident Detection in Intelligent Vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 2854–2866, 2023.