IOT-Based Smart Microgrid Monitoring System for Real-Time Energy Management

The rapid expansion of renewable energy resources and distributed generation systems has increased the need for efficient monitoring solutions in microgrids. Conventional monitoring systems often lack real-time data acquisition, remote accessibility, and intelligent fault detection. This paper presents an IoT-based Smart Microgrid Monitoring System that integrates embedded sensors, renewable energy sources, and cloud-enabled communication technologies. The proposed system uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller to collect electrical and environmental data from sensors such as voltage sensors, DHT11 temperature–humidity sensors, and LDR light sensors. A NodeMCU ESP8266 module transmits real-time data to an IoT platform for remote monitoring and analysis. A solar panel and battery provide renewable energy and backup power to ensure sustainable system operation. The system also includes an LCD display for local visualization and a buzzer for abnormal condition alerts. MATLAB/Simulink simulations were performed to analyze microgrid voltage stability and power flow characteristics. Experimental results demonstrate reliable monitoring performance and accurate real-time data transmission. The proposed system improves microgrid efficiency, automation, and energy management, supporting the development of smart grid infrastructure.