IOT-Based Soil Health Monitoring and Crop Advisory System Using Java and Rule-Based Analytics

Modern agriculture requires timely soil health information to improve crop productivity and reduce resource wastage. This paper presents an IoT-based soil health monitoring and crop advisory system developed using Java technologies and rule-based analytics. The system collects real-time soil parameters such as moisture, temperature, pH, and nutrient values using embedded sensors. Data is transmitted to a Java-based backend server, where predefined agricultural rules are applied to analyze soil conditions and generate crop and fertilizer recommendations. Unlike data-driven learning approaches, the proposed system relies on expert- defined rules, making it transparent, cost-effective, and easy to deploy in rural environments. The system improves decision-making for farmers and supports sustainable agricultural practices.