IOT-Driven Precision Agriculture with Live Video Monitoring and Automated Crop Protection

Precision agriculture demands real-time monitoring and intelligent automation to improve crop yield, conserve resources, and protect crops from environmental and external threats. This paper proposes an IoT-driven precision agriculture system with live monitoring and automated crop protection using an ESP32 microcontroller with inbuilt Wi-Fi connectivity as the central control unit. The system integrates soil moisture, rain, LDR, and PIR sensors to continuously monitor soil conditions, weather changes, light intensity, and unwanted intrusions in the field. A solar-powered battery supply ensures sustainable and uninterrupted operation. Based on real-time sensor data, the ESP32 automatically controls irrigation through a motor driver–based water pump system to optimize water usage. A buzzer alert is activated during intruder detection to prevent crop damage. For enhanced field surveillance, an ESP32-CAM module captures live images and sends instant alerts to farmers via Live monitoring. Real-time sensor data visualization, remote monitoring, and control are achieved through the Blynk IoT platform using the ESP32’s built-in Wi-Fi module, eliminating the need for external communication hardware. An LCD provides local system status display. The proposed system reduces manual intervention, improves water efficiency, and enhances crop security, making it a reliable and cost-effective solution for smart agriculture applications.