ISOLATION OF BACTERIOCIN FROM LACTIC ACID BACTERIA (LAB) AND IT’S ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Mr. Vinod Kumar Bhana
(Assistant Professor Department of Botany Bansur P.G. College Bansur Alwar-301402)
INTRODUCTION
Mankind has exploited lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for thousands of years for the production of fermented foods because of their ability to produce desirable changes in taste, flavor and texture due to the production of organic acid and hydrogen peroxide as well as to inhibit pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms to produce antimicrobial substance such as bacteriocin.
The use of nonpathogenic microorganism and their metabolite to improve microbiological safety and extend the shelf life of food. Antibiotics are at present restricted for use in food and feed, bacteriocins are an interesting group of biomolecule with antimicrobial and antifungal properties that may represent a good alternative of antibiotics. One of the concerns in food industry is the contamination by pathogens, which are frequent cause of food borne diseases. Over the past decade, recurrent outbreaks of diarrhea, combined with the natural resistance of the causative agents, contributed to its status as hazard. The problem of selection of resistant bacteria to antibiotics and the increasing demand for safe foods, with less chemical additives, has increased the interest in replacing these compounds by natural products, which do not injure the host or the environment.
Bacteriocins are ribosomaly synthesized antimicrobial peptide that has a direct inhibitory effect on harmful bacteria. Bacteriocin do not develop resistance in harmful and closely related bacteria through mutation based on scientific literature survey so far and is not – toxic, it is highly resistant to intestinal enzyme. Bacteriocin kills the microorganism rapidly by destroying or permeating the microbial membrane and impairing the ability to carry out anaerobic process. These peptides are therefore unlike to face the same antimicrobial resistance mechanism that limit current antibiotics use. It is a natural antibiotic which can potentially illicit allergic reaction in human and other medical problem.
