Legal Issues of E-Commerce in India: A Contemporary Academic Review

The rapid expansion of e-commerce in India—propelled by digitalisation, economic liberalisation, and evolving consumer behaviour—has generated complex legal challenges that span data governance, cybersecurity, competition policy, intellectual property protection, and consumer rights. Although India has enacted multiple regulatory instruments, the legal environment remains fragmented and continually evolving. This article critically examines the major legal issues shaping the Indian e-commerce landscape, synthesises scholarly perspectives, and evaluates emerging policy developments. It argues for a coherent, technology-neutral, and future-ready regulatory framework capable of sustaining the country’s digital economy.