Lightning and Switching Surge Node Voltage Distribution in Model Transformer Winding

Power transformers are vital components in electrical power systems, facilitating the transmission and distribution of electricity. However, they are susceptible to various electrical disturbances, among which surges pose a significant threat. Surges, also known as transients, are brief, high-voltage fluctuations in the electrical system that can potentially damage transformers and other connected equipment. The surge phenomenon in power transformers is a complex interplay of electrical and magnetic forces. It is often triggered by lightning strikes, switching operations, or faults in the system. Surges can travel through the power grid, reaching transformers and causing insulation breakdown or winding damage. Understanding the surge phenomenon is crucial for ensuring the reliability and longevity of power transformers. This project aims to delve into the mechanisms behind surges, their effects on transformers, and strategies to mitigate their impact. By comprehensively examining this phenomenon, we can develop better protection and prevention techniques, enhancing the overall resilience of power systems against surges.