Machine Learning in Healthcare: Transforming Diagnosis, Drug Discovery, and Patient Care with Real-World Challenge

Machine learning (ML) has moved well beyond theoretical computer science — it is now reshaping how doctors diagnose diseases, how pharmaceutical companies discover drugs, and how hospitals manage patient care. This paper provides a focused overview of where ML is making the biggest difference in healthcare: disease detection, drug discovery, personalized medicine, clinical text analysis, remote patient monitoring, and surgical robotics. It also takes an honest look at the real-world challenges, including data bias, privacy concerns, and the difficulty of integrating AI into busy clinical environments.