MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PAVEMENT TILES MANUFACTURED FROM WASTE PLASTIC AND RIVER SAND

a)        The replacement of cement with recycled HDPE decreased the compressive strength test result of the concrete mix when compared with the control mix. As the percentage replacement of HDPE increased the compressive strength test result is correspondingly decreased so that for this research purpose the optimum ratio of the mix design is 1:2 because it has maximum compressive strength numerically it is 13.12mpa. Therefore, pavement tiles produced from river sand and HDPE plastic waste as binding Agent has better compressive strength which fulfills the expected standard. b)         Tiles produced by fully replacing cement with recycled HDPE have more pleasant aesthetics than the one produced without replacement. The test result of total water absorption and surface water absorption of fully replaced specimen are better than that of the control mix. The result revealed that tile produced by full replacement of cement with recycled HDPE satisfied the requirements as per the standard accordingly; it can be used for different purposes such as floors, counter tops, etc. c)         Economically, the tiles made using waste plastics are affordable (3.9 ᴝ 3.95 RS per pieces) compared to (4.25 Rs per pieces) for Concrete tiles available commercially and the production process is cheap since it does not involve more expensive industrial equipment. Wastes plastics and sand are the major materials that are used to manufacture of these tiles. d)        What makes tiles made from plastic waste special is that, it is less breakable, requires few time for aging (1-2 days) after production, it has higher compressive strength and expected to have better water resistance. Generally, with its minimum thickness to weight ratio, it gives comparable physical and mechanical properties to conventional tiles. e)         Tiles made from waste plastic are light weight and easy to handle because of it plastic nature this tiles cannot be break if fells from hand. When compared to the conventional methods that uses cement, utilization of HDPE waste also helps to produce tiles with less thickness to weight ratio so that reduces the quantity of the raw materials required. This makes it more economical in the raw materials consumption. f)          The fines modules of the sand (FM) is 2.58 and the silt content of sand after washing it is 5.46% so it is recommendable characteristics fine aggregate for the production of quality plastic tile. g)        This study can minimize the risk of plastic wastes to the environment so it is preferable to use plastic tiles than concrete tiles. h)         Plastic tiles are likely less water absorbent than concrete tile due to this nature it is recommended to use this tiles for outdoor pavement as well as to floor pavements inside the building. i)          The current waste management system of the municipal is not bad but they have to work with entrepreneurs to recycle waste in effective and efficient way. Generally based on the above observation it is possible to use plastic in the production of pavement tile, and it is having the bonding property. Considering the specific use plastic is used in manufacturing of tiles and construction of; pedestrians walk way, parking areas, balcony and terrace floor covering purpose, etc. It is the effective and efficient way to disposal plastic wastes and it is a best solution to the environmental and ecological challenges associated with the use of plastics.

(1)Dr. R.Kumutha and Dr.K.Vijai,(2015 ) “Use of waste material in paver blocks”. (2)Sarmed Fadhil, and Mohanad Yaseen, (2015) “The Production of Economical Precast Concrete Panels Reinforced by Waste Plastic Fibers,” American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, vol. 3, (3)Dinesh. A, Kirubakaran. K et.al, (2016), “Utilization of waste plastic in manufacturing of bricks and paver blocks”, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research Vol. 11 No.3. (4)Nivetha, C. Rubiya, M. Shobana, S. Vaijayanathi, G. (2016). “Production of Plastic Paver Block from the Solid Waste”. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Science. (5)Manhal A Jibrael, Farah Peter, (2016) “Strength and behavior of concrete contains waste plastic”, Journal of Ecosystem & Echography. (6)Nivetha, C. Rubiya, M. Shobana, S. Vaijayanathi, G. (2016). Production of Plastic Paver Block from the Solid Waste. (7)B.Shanmugavalli, K.Gowtham, et.al, (2017) “Reuse of plastic waste in paver block”, International journal of engineering research and technology. (8)Manish Kumar sahu, Lokesh Singh, (2017) “Critical review on types of bricks type 14: plastic sand bricks”, International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering. (9)Abdelhamed Ganaw et al., (2018) “Influence of Plastic Bottles Fibre on Self Compacting Concrete,” AIJR Books: Proceedings of First Conference for Engineering Sciences and Technology, vol. 2 (10)Brahiman Traore, (2019) “Development and Characterization of a Composite Structure (Sand and Recycled Plastic Waste): Improvement of Resistance by Clay Charges,” Doctoral Thesis, Republic of Ivory Coast,