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Stream/Area:
-
Subject:
-
Paper ID:
IJSREM65880
Volume:
10 |
7 |
Jul 2026
Pages:
1-13
Publication Frequency:
Monthly (12 issues per year)
License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.
Pharmacology
Kalyani Charitable Trust’s Ravindra Gambhirrao Sapkal College Of Pharmacy
Pharmacology
Kalyani Charitable Trust’s Ravindra Gambhirrao Sapkal College Of Pharmacy
Pharmacology
Kalyani Charitable Trust’s Ravindra Gambhirrao Sapkal College Of Pharmacy
Pharmacology
Kalyani Charitable Trust’s Ravindra Gambhirrao Sapkal College Of Pharmacy
Pharmacology
Kalyani Charitable Trust’s Ravindra Gambhirrao Sapkal College Of Pharmacy
Pharmacology
Kalyani Charitable Trust’s Ravindra Gambhirrao Sapkal College Of Pharmacy
Pharmacology
Kalyani Charitable Trust’s Ravindra Gambhirrao Sapkal College Of Pharmacy
Pharmacology
Kalyani Charitable Trust’s Ravindra Gambhirrao Sapkal College Of Pharmacy
Pain and inflammation are complex biological phenomenon that occurs in association with tissue damage, infection, and chronic wounds. Treatment of these includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroid drugs, and opioid analgesics, but these treatments can have severe side effects such as gastrointestinal side effects, kidney damage, and other cardiovascular risks, tolerance, and dependency. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in using bioactive compounds from plants as alternative strategies for pain and inflammation management, with improved efficacy and safety. The therapeutic activities of medicinal plants are mediated through a variety of phytochemicals and they interact with various inflammatory pathways such as COX, LOX, NF-κB, MAPK and cytokine signaling pathways. In this review, the ethnopharmacological importance, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activity of the medicinal plants that exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities have been discussed. A special focus is placed on the anti-inflammatory effects of plant secondary metabolites, including their mechanisms of action that inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators, and on their antioxidant properties. Moreover, this review covers experimental evidence for the efficacy of herbal extracts in pain and inflammation models using in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches. While the findings are promising, there are still a number of issues to overcome, including low bioavailability, a lack of standardization and limited clinical trials to aid clinical translation. In conclusion, medicinal plants are a potential source of novel, alternative and multi-target therapeutic agents for pain and inflammatory disorders with less side effects. The plant-based anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of medicinal plants can be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which inhibit the NF-κB pathway and/or COX pathway.Medicinal plants possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties due to the presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that inhibit the NF-κB pathway and/or COX pathway.
KEYWORDS
Further studies should bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical research, moving from case reports to the demonstration of therapeutic effectiveness, and should be conducted using a randomized clinical trial design (Mobasheri, 2013, p. 371; Noviana et al., 2022, p. 853038). In particular, high-power trials across multiple centers with good patient selection criteria should be conducted to validate active phytochemicals as standalone anti-arthritic agents or as effective complementary agents in combination therapy (Bhattacharya et al., 2020, p. 5; Toumi & Mazor, 2019, p. 81). Further, systematic studies are urgently needed to understand the exact nature of bio-effects, dose–effect relationship and safety profiles of these compounds in order to maximize their clinical utility and pave the way towards the development of standardized 'green pharmaceuticals' (Aloke et al., 2022; Fang et al., 2024, p. 46). Based on this, further clinical research is needed to specifically examine the immunomodulatory effects of these herbal compounds using serological markers such as rheumatoid factor or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody to obtain measurable evidence of their immunomodulatory effects (Wang et al., 2022, p. 978582).
1. Agnihotri, J., Gupta, N., & Mondal, A. (2025). Review: Ethnopharmacology: Bridging Traditional Knowledge and Modern Science. Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 4(3), 150–155. https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.4.3.16 2. Aloke, C., Ohanenye, I. C., Aja, P. M., & Ejike, C. E. C. C. (2022). Phytochemicals from medicinal plants from African forests with potentials in rheumatoid arthritis management. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 74(9), 1205–1219. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpp/rgac043 3. Alshehri, O. M., Zeb, A., Shah, S. M. M., Mahnashi, M. H., Asiri, S., Alqahtani, O., Sadiq, A., Ibrar, M., Alshamrani, S., & Jan, M. S. (2024). Investigation of anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory potential and ADMET studies of pure compounds isolated from Isodon rugosus Wall. ex Benth. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15, 1328128–1328128. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1328128 4. Attiq, A., Jalil, J., Husain, K., & Ahmad, W. (2018). Raging the War Against Inflammation With Natural Products. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 976–976. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00976 5. Bala, V. C., & Gupta, A. (2026). Phytochemicals as a Promising Approach to Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Perspectives. BIO Integration, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.15212/bioi-2025-0142 6. Beg, S., Hasan, H., Hussain, M. S., Swain, S., & Barkat, Md. A. (2011). Systematic review of herbals as potential anti-inflammatory agents: Recent advances, current clinical status and future perspectives. Pharmacognosy Reviews/Bioinformatics Trends/Pharmacognosy Review, 5(10), 120–120. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.91102 7. Bhatia, V., Sharma, V. V., Thakur, S., Chandel, A., & Minhas, Y. (2025). Rheumatoid Arthritis and Secondary Plant Metabolites: An Analysis. Current Rheumatology Reviews, 21. https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971336322250605063028 8. Bhattacharya, S., Mandal, S. K., Akhtar, Md. S., DASTIDER, D., Sarkar, S., Bose, S., Bose, A., Mandal, S., Kolay, A., Sen, D. J., Kumar, A., PAN, S., & PRAMANICK, A. (2020). PHYTOCHEMICALS IN THE TREATMENT OF ARTHRITIS: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2020v12i4.39050 9. Bhowmik, R., Shaharyar, Md. A., Sarkar, A., De, A., Mandal, A., Shabana, H., Karmakar, S., & Karmakar, S. (2023). Role of Natural Products in Inflammatory Pharmacology: Harnessing Nature’s Potential Through Drug Delivery for Therapeutic Intervention. Journal of Chemical Health Risks. https://doi.org/10.53555/jchr.v13.i4s.759 10. Chaachouay, N., & Zidane, L. (2024). Plant-Derived Natural Products: A Source for Drug Discovery and Development. Drugs and Drug Candidates, 3(1), 184–207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ddc3010011
Publication Date
7/7/2026
Peer Review Type
Double-Blind Peer Review
Review Rounds: 2
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