Modeling and Simulation of an Islanded Inverter-Based Microgrid Using P–F and Q–V Droop Control

The increasing penetration of inverter-based distributed energy resources has necessitated reliable and decentralized control strategies for islanded microgrid operation. This paper investigates the dynamic performance of an inverter-dominated microgrid operating in islanded mode using conventional droop control techniques. The proposed control framework employs P- and Q-V droop characteristics to achieve autonomous active and reactive power sharing among parallel inverters without relying on communication links. Detailed simulation studies are conducted to analyze system behavior under load variations and disturbances. The results demonstrate proportional active and reactive power sharing, robust voltage regulation, and stable frequency response at the point of common coupling. Transient analyses further confirm fast damping, minimal oscillations, and convergence to steady-state operation within acceptable limits. Overall, the study validates the effectiveness of droop control in ensuring stable, scalable, and resilient islanded operation of inverter-based microgrids, making it suitable for practical decentralized power system applications.