Modeling and Simulation of Electric Vehicle for Future Generation

– Electric  vehicle demand increase in India day by day. The Lithium-ion battery is widely used in large-scale energy storage and electric vehicle. Electric vehicles are divided into various parts like battery management systems and propulsion systems. The battery management system explains about cell balancing which can be done by two methods i.e. Active cell balancing and Inductor-based Active cell balancing. After the cell balancing process, the charging of the Lithium-ion battery is done with the help of the constant current charging method. Once charging is done battery is ready to supply electric vehicles. Electric vehicles mostly use 32-volts or 48-volts batteries. That battery voltage needs to boost for the induction motor supply at 350 volts. For that purpose, here the boost converter is simulated which boosts the battery voltage up to 400 volts to supply the induction motor. The propulsion unit consists of the inverter, motor and its control. The voltage which comes out from boost converter is DC voltage. Afterwards this DC voltage will be converted into AC voltage as it will be fed to induction motor. For this, a five-level multilevel inverter has been simulated. The induction motor needs a smooth input supply that has very low third harmonic distortion. For that purpose, a T-type five-level multilevel inverter has been simulated. To improve speed results, direct torque control method has been included. In which speed control is done by generating voltage space vector. Braking is also an important part of Electric Vehicle. Here regenerative braking, plugging and dynamic braking of induction motor has simulated and analyzed.