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Stream/Area:
-
Subject:
-
Paper ID:
IJSREM63464
Volume:
10 |
5 |
May 2026
Pages:
1-10
Publication Frequency:
Monthly (12 issues per year)
License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.
Department of Microbiology
Ch. Charn singh Univrsity, Meerut
Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) represents a major global public health challenge due to resistance to key first-line anti-tubercular drugs, namely isoniazid and rifampicin. This resistance complicates disease management, prolongs treatment duration, and increases morbidity and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings with weak healthcare infrastructure. Objectives: This study aims to provide a concise overview of MDR-TB, focusing on its epidemiology, diagnostic challenges, treatment strategies, and emerging approaches for effective control and management. Methods: A narrative review approach was employed, synthesizing current literature on MDR-TB epidemiology, diagnostic techniques, treatment regimens, and recent advancements in therapeutic and control strategies. Results: The burden of MDR-TB varies geographically, with higher prevalence in low- and middle-income countries. Conventional diagnostic methods, such as culture and drug susceptibility testing, are time-consuming, whereas rapid molecular diagnostics have improved early detection and resistance profiling. Treatment regimens for MDR-TB are prolonged (18–24 months) and rely on second-line drugs that are less effective, more toxic, and costly, leading to challenges in patient adherence. Recent developments, including novel drugs, shorter treatment regimens, and improved diagnostic tools, demonstrate promising outcomes in enhancing treatment success and reducing transmission. Conclusion: MDR-TB continues to pose a significant threat to global tuberculosis control. A comprehensive and integrated approach—combining rapid diagnostics, effective and shorter treatment regimens, and strengthened healthcare systems—is essential to curb the spread and impact of MDR-TB and improve patient outcomes.
KEYWORDS
For the future direction of MDR-TB, it is crucial to focus on several key areas. Firstly, continued research and development of new drugs and treatment regimens are essential to combat the growing problem of drug resistance. Additionally, investing in improved diagnostic tools and techniques can aid in early detection and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment. Furthermore, strengthening healthcare systems and ensuring access to quality care for all individuals affected by MDR-TB is vital. This includes providing comprehensive support services, such as counseling and social support, to enhance patient adherence and overall well-being. In terms of recommendations, it is important to prioritize infection control measures to prevent the spread of MDR-TB within healthcare facilities and communities. This involves implementing proper ventilation systems, promoting awareness about respiratory hygiene, and ensuring appropriate use of personal protective equipment. Collaboration between governments, healthcare organizations, researchers, and communities is crucial to effectively address the challenges of MDR-TB. By working together, we can strive towards a future where MDR-TB is better controlled, and individuals affected by this condition receive the care and support they need.
References 1. (Willey, E. B. J. M., Sherwood, L. M., & Woolverton, C. J. (2008). Prescott, Harley and Klein’s microbiology. In McGraw-Hill eBooks (Issue 1). http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA86247146) 2. (L. P. Ormerod, Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB): epidemiology, prevention and treatment, British Medical Bulletin, Volume 73-74, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 17–24, https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldh047 3. multidrug resistance tuberculosis. (n.d.-b). Indian Journal of Medical Research. 4. Seung, K. J., Keshavjee, S., & Rich, M. (2015). Multidrug-Resistant tuberculosis and extensively Drug-Resistant tuberculosis. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 5(9), a017863. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a017863 5. Jarlier, V., & Nikaido, H. (1994). Mycobacterial cell wall: Structure and role in natural resistance to antibiotics. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 123(1–2), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07194.x 6. De Rossi, E., Aínsa, J. A., & Riccardi, G. (2006). Role of mycobacterial efflux transporters in drug resistance: an unresolved question. Fems Microbiology Reviews, 30(1), 36–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2005.00002.x 7. Da Silva, P. E. a. A., & Palomino, J. C. (2011). Molecular basis and mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: classical and new drugs. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66(7), 1417–1430. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkr173 8. Coker, R. (2001). Detention and mandatory treatment for tuberculosis patients in Russia. The Lancet, 358(9279), 349–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(01)05587-8 9. World Health Organization: WHO. (2021, January 27). WHO announces updated definitions of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. WHO. https://www.who.int/news/item/27-01-2021-who-announces-updated-definitions-of-extensively-drug-resistant-tuberculosis 10. 2.3 Drug-resistant TB. (n.d.). https://www.who.int/teams/global-tuberculosis-programme/tb-reports/global-tuberculosis-report-2022/tb-disease-burden/2-3-drug-resistant-tb
Publication Date
5/19/2026
Peer Review Type
Double-Blind Peer Review
Review Rounds: 2
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