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Stream/Area:
-
Subject:
-
Paper ID:
10.55041/IJSREM.ISTCESD039
Volume:
10 |
9 |
Sep 2026
Pages:
1-5
Publication Frequency:
Monthly (12 issues per year)
License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.
Department of Physics,
Shri Renukadevi Mahavidyalaya, Mahur, Maharashtra, India
Department of Physics,
Shri Renukadevi Mahavidyalaya, Mahur, Maharashtra, India
Department of Physics,
Shri Renukadevi Mahavidyalaya, Mahur, Maharashtra, India
Strontium hexaferrite (SrFe₁₂O₁₉), commonly designated as SrM, is an important M-type hexagonal ferrite because of its high coercivity, strong uniaxial magneto crystalline anisotropy, chemical stability, good thermal stability and relatively low production cost. These characteristics have resulted in widespread interest in SrM for permanent magnets, magnetic recording, sensors, electromagnetic interference shielding and microwave devices. Nevertheless, further improvement and functional diversification of SrFe₁₂O₁₉ require controlled modification of its crystal structure, magnetic exchange interactions and microstructure. Cation substitution is one of the most effective approaches for achieving such modification. In particular, Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ substitution at Fe³⁺ sites can alter lattice parameters, crystallographic site occupancy, magnetic anisotropy, saturation magnetization, coercivity, dielectric relaxation and microwave response. The literature indicates that Ni substitution generally produces lattice contraction and can decrease saturation magnetization because of changes in Fe–O–Fe exchange interactions. However, the effect on coercivity depends strongly on dopant concentration, particle size and microstructure. Cu substitution exhibits more complex concentration-dependent behaviour, with optimized compositions showing substantial enhancement in coercivity and changes in saturation magnetization. Cu incorporation can also influence oxygen-vacancy concentration, dielectric loss and microwave absorption. The available evidence demonstrates that synthesis route, crystallite size, lattice strain, cation distribution and secondary-phase formation must be considered together when interpreting dopant effects. Although considerable research has been conducted on individual Ni- and Cu-substituted SrM, direct systematic investigation of Ni–Cu co-doped SrFe₁₂O₁₉ remains limited. The composition SrFe₁₂₋ₓ₋ᵧNiₓCuᵧO₁₉ therefore provides a promising research platform for developing multifunctional rare-earth-free magnetic materials.
KEYWORDS
The substitution of transition-metal and rare-earth ions is an effective approach for tailoring the structural, magnetic, dielectric and microwave-absorption properties of M-type strontium hexaferrite (SrFe₁₂O₁₉). Ni²⁺ substitution generally modifies the lattice parameters, crystallographic site occupancy, magnetic exchange interactions and electrical response, while Cu²⁺ substitution produces concentration-dependent changes in lattice strain, oxygen vacancies, phase formation and magnetic behaviour. Suitable Ni and Cu concentrations can improve selected properties, such as coercivity, dielectric response and microwave absorption. However, excessive substitution may lead to secondary phases and undesirable changes in magnetic performance. Therefore, careful control of dopant concentration, synthesis conditions and cation distribution is essential for obtaining the required properties. These findings demonstrate the potential of Ni- and Cu-substituted strontium hexaferrite for applications in permanent magnets, electromagnetic-interference shielding and microwave-absorbing materials.
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Publication Date
9/28/2026
Peer Review Type
Double-Blind Peer Review
Review Rounds: 2
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