Non-Invasive ICP Monitoring in Case of Traumatic Brain Injury by Serial Measuring Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter & Pupillometry

Non-Invasive ICP Monitoring in Case of Traumatic Brain Injury by Serial Measuring Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter & Pupillometry

Kazi MD Refayetullah 1, Sakib Alam Halder 1
kazisafwon1111@gmail.com     , haldersakib205@gmail.com
1 Assistant Professor, Institute of Leadership, Entrepreneurship and Development (iLEAD)

INTRODUCTION :
Intracranial pressure (ICP) is a critical physiological parameter that reflects the pressure within the skull. Accurate monitoring of ICP is essential for managing neurological conditions such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), hydrocephalus, intracranial hemorrhage, and other disorders that may lead to increased ICP. Traditionally, ICP monitoring has relied on invasive methods, such as ventricular catheters or intra-parenchymal sensors, which, although accurate, carry risks of infection, hemorrhage, and other complications.

Early work done by Guillaume and Janny in 1951, followed by Lundberg’s magnum opus in 1960 laid the foundation for subsequent developments in intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring

.The association between raised ICP and poor neurological outcome has been widely reported, with distinct clinical and therapeutic implications. Though some reports have questioned the merits of monitoring ICP, the diagnostic and therapeutic role of invasive monitoring techniques, especially in traumatic brain injury (TBI), has been well supported. The benefits of reliably and non-invasively assessing ICP, however, have also been described, and while invasive ICP monitoring remains the gold standard, the development of accurate, non-invasive alternatives is ongoing. Perhaps the most benefit of a reliable non-invasive technique lies in early detection, especially where the clinical presentation of raised ICP may be subtle. (1)