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Stream/Area:
-
Subject:
-
Paper ID:
IJSREM63878
Volume:
10 |
5 |
May 2026
Pages:
1-6
Publication Frequency:
Monthly (12 issues per year)
License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.

Computer Science and Engineering
Malnad College of Engineering
Computer Science and Engineering
Malnad College of Engineering
Computer Science and Engineering
Malnad College of Engineering
Computer Science and Engineering
Malnad College of Engineering
Computer Science and Engineering
Malnad College of Engineering
This study introduces a resilient forensic framework specifically engineered to detect face-swap and photo-substitution forgeries in Indian PAN cards. Document verification pipelines face a growing threat from high-fidelity identity manipulations generated by Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). While conventional static classification models are limited by fixed training sets, our design addresses this vulnerability by coupling a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a Deep Q-Learning (DQN) agent. Within this architecture, the CNN acts as a core feature extractor, isolating subtle frequency-domain discrepancies and spatial inconsistencies inside the ID photo boundaries. To dynamically harden these classification boundaries, we implement an adaptive data augmentation engine driven by reinforcement learning. The Q-learning agent ac- tively discovers and infuses targeted digital distortions—including illumination noise and varying levels of JPEG compression artifacts—that specifically exploit the CNN’s active vulnerabili- ties. This continuous adversarial loop forces the system to confront high-entropy edge cases, establishing a highly robust defense mechanism for digital KYC protocols and secure identity authentication.
KEYWORDS
This project presents a new approach for protecting identity documents by combining Deep Q-Learning with a Dual-Stream CNN. Through the literature review, it was found that standard detection models struggle with the unique textures and scanning artifacts found in PAN cards. The proposed solution addresses this by using a Q-Learning agent to actively find and test the model’s weaknesses through smart data augmentation. By focusing on both pixel-level textures and hidden frequency patterns, the system is designed to catch forgeries that often bypass traditional tools. While the full system is still being built, the proposed architecture offers a clear path toward more reliable identity verification. Future development will focus on building the frequency- analysis branch and testing how well the model handles real-world, low-quality document scans.
[1] M. S. Rana et al., “A Comprehensive Review of Deepfake Detection Techniques: From Traditional ML to Advanced Deep Learning,” IEEE Access, vol. 14, pp. 2450–2472, Jan. 2026. [2] Y. Zhou et al., “Improving Deepfake Detection with RL-Based Adaptive Data Augmentation,” in Proc. AAAI Conf. on AI, 2026, pp. 4122–4130. [3] X. Liu and H. Zhang, “Feature Refinement and Enhancement Network (FRENet) for Deepfake Detection,” Image and Vision Computing, vol. 154, 2025. [4] E. Liang and K. Gupta, “Digital Image Forgery Detection via Adaptive Q-Learning and Error Level Anal- ysis,” J. Digital Forensics, vol. 21, 2026. [5] A. Singh and R. Verma, “Automated Identity Document Forensics: A Hybrid CNN-OCR Framework,” MDPI Symmetry, vol. 17, 2025. [6] J. Wang et al., “Localization of Image Forgery in Structured Identity Documents,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Security, vol. 20, 2023. [7] Sumsub Identity Fraud Institute, “2025 Identity Fraud Report,” Sumsub Research, White Paper, 2025. [8] MeitY, “IT Rules 2026,” Government of India, Tech. Rep., Feb. 2026. [9] J. Umpierrez et al., “Scanned Documents Forensics: Detecting Inserted Characters,” in Proc. IEEE ICIP, 2025. [10] A. Kumar, “HybridNet: Advancing Deepfake Detection,” IEEE Access, vol. 13, 2025.
Publication Date
5/24/2026
Peer Review Type
Double-Blind Peer Review
Review Rounds: 2
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Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest related to this research work.
Funding Information
No funding information available for this research.
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