Organizational Framework and Strategic Capabilities of the Indian Navy: An Analysis

This paper analyses the organizational framework and strategic capabilities of the Indian Navy within the evolving maritime security environment of the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). It examines the Navy’s command structure, force composition, and modernization trajectory to assess its capacity to safeguard sea lines of communication, project power, and maintain strategic deterrence. Particular emphasis is placed on the submarine force, including the development of a sea-based nuclear deterrent through the Arihant-class SSBNs, as well as the limitations of India’s nuclear-powered and conventional submarine capabilities. The study further evaluates the role of surface combatants, naval aviation, and littoral warfare platforms in enhancing operational flexibility and regional influence. While notable progress has been achieved in indigenous shipbuilding and capability development, persistent challenges related to force adequacy, technological dependence, and procurement delays continue to constrain effectiveness. The paper concludes that sustained investment, industrial coherence, and strategic prioritization are essential for the Indian Navy to fulfill its role as a credible deterrent and a net security provider in the Indo-Pacific region.