Overview of Different Material Used in The Pressure Vessel for The Storage of Liquid Hydrogen

The declining supplies of fossil fuels, accompanied by their major environmental issues, have led the energy world to search for some alternate sources of energy. The high energy content of hydrogen along with the possibility of having zero-emission applications make it a potential candidate in the list. Most production techniques of hydrogen include methods such as electrolysis, steam methane reforming, and biomass gasification. Storing hydrogen has several drawbacks despite its potential. These drawbacks include low volumetric density and high diffusivity. Pressure vessels, then, are crucial in hydrogen storage: they need materials capable of working with pressure and avoiding hydrogen embrittlement. Most common materials used here include high-strength steel, aluminum alloys, Titanium alloy and composites. High-strength steel, for instance, can present quite robust mechanical properties. Aluminum alloys offer better resistance to hydrogen. Composites, including carbon fiber-reinforced polymers, offer a lightweight and corrosion-resistant alternative. Operating pressure, temperature, and hydrogen purity affect the storage of hydrogen in these materials. The objective is to review different materials to ensure that the materials can adequately balance mechanical strength, hydrogen-induced degradation resistance, and affordability.