Particle Swarm Optimization Based PI Controller for Load Frequency Control of a Single Area Power System

This paper has presented the design and comparative evaluation of PI, PID, fuzzy logic, and PSO optimized PI controllers for the load frequency control of a single area power system. The gains of the conventional PI and PID controllers were obtained using the Cohen–Coon reaction curve tuning method, the fuzzy logic controller was designed using a two-input, one-output fuzzy inference system based on the frequency error and its rate of change, and the PSO-PI controller gains were obtained by minimising the ITAE of the frequency deviation using the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Simulation results for a step change in load demand show that, while the conventional PI controller is effective at removing steady-state frequency error, both the fuzzy controller and, in particular, the PSO optimized PI controller offer a noticeably faster and smoother transient response for the single area system. Future work may extend this single area study to a two-area or multi-area interconnected system, and may also compare PSO with other metaheuristic optimisation techniques for tuning the controller gains.

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