Performance enhancement of PVT Thermal modules by the Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm- A Review Paper

Solar energy has grown widely accessible and affordable in recent decades. Photovoltaics and solar thermal collectors have efficiency and exergy issues, despite their popularity. Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors combine solar thermal collectors with photovoltaic cells. The report evaluates numerous PVT systems for private houses, including performance metrics, improvements, restrictions, and future research. The literature review discusses PVT cooling media specific materials. These systems include heat pumps with seasonal energy storage. PVT systems may reach 81% overall efficiency depending on system design and climate. The analysis suggests that solar power might help meet SDG-7’s goal of affordable, clean energy. Decentralized and smart systems are pushed to enhance energy supply and address cost, pollution, and security challenges that grid-based energy systems have disregarded. This study examines the global transition to renewable energy utilizing solar photo-voltaic (PV) and solar or thermal (ST) technologies. Solar photo-voltaic systems and solar thermal energy for building heating will grow rapidly, it predicts. Review conclusions emphasize the need to create and deploy technical solutions, legislative interventions, and market-based measures to accelerate sustainable energy technology adoption. This article summarizes current research on working fluids, nanofluids, phase-change materials, cooling technologies, concentrating systems, and PVT-thermoelectric generators. This comprehensive literature review describes its goals and techniques. This in-depth examination of residential PVT systems illuminates their merits, shortcomings, and future research possibilities, which will help develop sustainable energy sources.