Photosynthesized Nanoparticles: Mechanistic Insights into Synthesis Characterization, and Emerging Application: A Review

Green synthesis of nanoparticles using photosynthetic processes is gaining prominence as an environmentally friendly substitute to conventional methods. This study focuses on understanding the mechanisms involved in the formation of nanoparticles using plant extracts under light exposure. It highlights the role of natural phytochemicals and light energy in initiating and controlling nanoparticle synthesis. Various analytical techniques—including UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM—were used to assess particle characteristics. Parameters such as light intensity, pH, precursor concentration, and reaction time were examined for their impact on synthesis. The nanoparticles produced were further evaluated for applications in medicine, catalysis, and environmental treatment. This work contributes to the field by offering a deeper insight into the process and potential of photosynthesized nanoparticles.