Power Generation from Batteries and a PV Grid Vehicle Charging Station with Storage Interface

This thesis focused on the modelling and simulation of a PV-based electric vehicle charging system with battery energy storage and grid integration. The proposed system was developed to utilize solar energy effectively for EV charging while maintaining a reliable power supply under different operating conditions. A Perturb and Observe (P&O) based MPPT controller was implemented to extract maximum power from the PV array. The DC–DC converter, battery energy storage system, and bidirectional converter were integrated to regulate power flow between the PV source, battery, EV, and grid. The battery storage system helps to overcome the variations in solar power generation by storing excess energy and supplying power when the available PV power is insufficient. The grid-connected inverter with PLL synchronization and hysteresis controller was implemented to get stable operation and effective power exchange with the power grid. The LCL filter was used to reduce switching harmonics and improve the quality of the grid current. The simulation results confirm that the proposed system can successfully manage energy flow, maintain DC-link voltage stability, and provide continuous EV charging under different conditions. The developed system demonstrates the potential of renewable energy-based EV charging infrastructure and can be further improved by incorporating advanced control techniques, optimized energy management strategies, and experimental validation for practical applications.

[1] N. Chen, B. van Arem, T. Alkim, and M. Wang, “A hierarchical model-based optimization control approach for cooperative merging by connected automated vehicles,” IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 22,no. 12, pp. 7712–7725, Dec. 2021.  [2] S. Prajapati and E. Fernandez, “Rooftop solar PV system for commercial office buildings for EV charging load,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Smart Instrum., Meas. Appl. (ICSIMA), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Aug. 2019,pp. 1–5.  [3] D. Lyu, T. B. Soeiro, and P. Bauer, “Design and implementation of a re-configurable phase-shift full-bridge converter for wide voltage range EV charging application,” IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific., early access, May 20, 2022, doi: 10.1109/TTE.2022.3176826.  [4] L. Gong et al., “A dynamic ZVS-guaranteed and seamless-mode transition modulation scheme for the DAB converter that maximizes the ZVS range and lowers the inductor RMS current,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 13119–13134,Nov. 2022.  [5] J.-C. Son and D.-K. Lim, “Novel method of deriving torque and speed curve of the permanent magnet synchronous motor using initial state finite element analysis,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 1–6,Aug. 2022.  [6] S. S. Varghese, G. Joos, and S. Q. Ali, “Load management strategy for DC fast charging stations,” in Proc. IEEE Energy Convers. Congr. Expo. (ECCE), Oct. 2021, pp. 1620–1626.  [7] A. S. M. J. Hasan, L. F. Enriquez-Contreras, J. Yusuf, M. J. Barth, and S. Ula, “Demonstration of microgrid resiliency with V2G operation,” in Proc. IEEE Transp. Electrific. Conf. Expo (ITEC), Jun. 2021,pp. 243–248.  [8] S. Zhang and K.-C. Leung, “A smart cross-system framework for joint allocation and scheduling with vehicle-to-grid regulation service,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 71, no. 6, pp. 6019–6031, Jun. 2022.  [9] Y. Yi, G. Verbic, and A. C. Chapman, “Optimal energy management strategy for smart home with electric vehicle,” in Proc. IEEE Madrid PowerTech, Jun. 2021, pp. 1–6. [10] R. Ghaderi, M. Kandidayeni, M. Soleymani, L. Boulon, and J. Pedro F. Trovao, “Online health-conscious energy management strategy for a hybrid multi-stack fuel cell vehicle based on game theory,”IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 71, no. 6, pp. 5704–5714, Jun. 2022.