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ArticlePeer ReviewedOpen AccessPlagiarism Passed
Paper ID:IJSREM62344

RAG-Based Medical Chatbot for Healthcare Queries

Stream/Area:

-

Subject:

-

Paper ID:

IJSREM62344

Volume:

10 |

5 |

May 2026

Pages:

1-8

Publication Frequency:

Monthly (12 issues per year)

DOI
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Not assigned

License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.

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Authors

Sarthak Srivastava

Sarthak Srivastava

Artificial Intelligence & Data Science

IIMT College Of Engineering

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sk

saurabh kapasiya

Artificial Intelligence & Data Science

IIMT College Of Engineering

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RB

Rishab Bhati

Artificial Intelligence & Data Science

IIMT College Of Engineering

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Mentors

VKS

Vivek Kumar Sharma

Artificial Intelligence & Data Science

IIMT College Of Engineering

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Abstract

The increasing need for reliable and accessible healthcare information has accelerated the development of intelligent medical assistance systems. This research proposes a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)-based medical chatbot designed to deliver accurate, context-aware, and evidence-grounded responses to user queries . The system integrates a large language model with a vector-based medical knowledge repository constructed using domain-specific datasets and embeddings . The proposed architecture consists of three primary components: document preprocessing and embedding generation, similarity-based retrieval using a FAISS vector store, and response generation using a large language model. When a user submits a query, the system retrieves the most relevant medical documents and augments the language model input to generate precise and contextually grounded answers, reducing hallucinations seen in traditional models . To ensure reliability, the system incorporates query understanding, context filtering, and controlled response generation techniques. The chatbot is implemented using modern NLP frameworks and deployed through an interactive interface for real-time query handling. The performance of the system is evaluated using metrics such as response accuracy, relevance score, and latency. Experimental results show that the RAG-based chatbot improves factual accuracy by approximately 20–30%, enhances contextual relevance, and reduces response inconsistency compared to baseline LLM models, while maintaining efficient response time . This study concludes that integrating retrieval mechanisms with generative AI models enhances the trustworthiness and scalability of healthcare chatbots, making them a viable solution for providing preliminary medical guidance and information support .

KEYWORDS

2.Keywords Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Medical Chatbot Healthcare Query Processing Natural Language Processing (NLP) Large Language Models (LLMs) Information Retrieval

Cite This Article

Sarthak Srivastava, saurabh kapasiya, Rishab Bhati, Vivek Kumar Sharma, "RAG-Based Medical Chatbot for Healthcare Queries," International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 1-8, May 2026.

Full Article/Conclusion

This study presents a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)-based medical chatbot that enhances healthcare query responses by effectively combining retrieval mechanisms with generative models. The system generates context-aware and factually grounded answers, thereby reducing the inaccuracies commonly observed in traditional chatbot approaches. Experimental results indicate improved response relevance, clarity, and consistency across a wide range of medical queries. By leveraging semantic search and vector-based retrieval techniques, the chatbot efficiently accesses external knowledge sources to enrich its responses. However, the overall performance remains dependent on the quality and timely updates of the underlying knowledge base. Despite this limitation, the proposed approach demonstrates a scalable, reliable, and practical solution for intelligent healthcare assistance systems[10].

References

[1] P. Lewis et al., “Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks,” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2020. [2] S. Ji et al., “Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation,” ACM Computing Surveys, 2023. [3] T. Brown et al., “Language Models are Few-Shot Learners,” NeurIPS, 2020. [4] A. Vaswani et al., “Attention Is All You Need,” NeurIPS, 2017.   [5] S. Robertson and H. Zaragoza, “The Probabilistic Relevance Framework: BM25 and Beyond,” Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval, 2009. [6]  A. Holzinger et al., “What Do We Need to Build Explainable AI Systems for the Medical Domain?” arXiv preprint, 2017.   [7] N. Reimers and I. Gurevych, “Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks,” EMNLP, 2019.   [8] V. Karpukhin et al., “Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answering,” EMNLP, 2020.   [9] O. Khattab and M. Zaharia, “ColBERT: Efficient and Effective Passage Search via Contextualized Late Interaction over BERT,” SIGIR, 2020.   [10] K. Roberts et al., “Overview of the TREC 2019 Precision Medicine Track,” Text Retrieval Conference (TREC), 2019.   [11]  M. Topol, Deep Medicine: How Artificial Intelligence Can Make Healthcare Human Again, Basic Books, 2019.   [12] H. Singhal et al., “Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledge,” Nature, 2023.   [13] J. Devlin et al., “BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding,” NAACL-HLT, 2019.   [14] S. Miner et al., “Smartphone-Based Conversational Agents and Responses to Questions about Mental Health, Interpersonal Violence, and Physical Health,” JAMA Internal Medicine, 2016. [15] X. Liu et al., “Pre-train, Prompt, and Predict: A Systematic Survey of Prompting Methods in NLP,” ACM Computing Surveys, 2023.   [16] M. Thoppilan et al., “LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications,” arXiv preprint, 2022.

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Publication Date

5/2/2026

Peer Review Type

Double-Blind Peer Review

Review Rounds: 2

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