REGENERATIVE BRAKING AND SENSOR LESS CONTROL INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES FOR EV APPLICATIONS

– This article offers a state-of-the-art powertrain and controller design for an e-rickshaw powered by RES. Brushless dc (BLDC) motor drives without Hall-effect position sensors often have delayed commutation at low and high speeds. Because of the tiny back EMF magnitude, conventional control is useless. In this example, the motor is driven across the complete range using the proposed sensor less control with commutation error compensation. A simple commutation error compensation method is developed to identify the freewheeling pulses, eliminating the need for low pass filters, and reducing control complexity for low-cost EV applications. It is also advised to use a zero-crossing detection (ZCD) approach, which eliminates the need for a separate phase compensator by automatically correcting the delay. A fixed delay digital filter removes any unwanted spikes from the ZCD circuit. Effective MPPT control is achieved by using a modified Landsman converter, which eliminates the requirement for a ripple filter at the front end and provides ripple-free current at the output. The BLDC motor drive’s capacity to regenerate energy reduces EV energy concern since thanks to the Renewable, an EV never runs out of electricity. The controller is a fuzzy logic controller based on a PI. MATLAB/Simulink Results Illustrate the System’s Effectiveness.