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Stream/Area:
-
Subject:
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Paper ID:
IJSREM66225
Volume:
10 |
7 |
Jul 2026
Pages:
1-19
Publication Frequency:
Monthly (12 issues per year)
License:International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management follows the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License, allowing free use and distribution with proper attribution.

GEOGRAPHY
LUCKNOW UNIVERSITY
GEOGRAPHY
LUCKNOW UNIVERSITY
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the socio-economic and demographic aspects of the following States of India : Uttar Pradesh,Bihar ,Jharkhand ,Nagaland and Assam. DATABASE: The data has been taken from the IHDS-II. The India Human Development Survey-II (IHDS-II) is a multi-topic survey of 42,152 households in 1,503 rural and 971 urban areas across India conducted in 2011-12. These are largely re-interviews of households who were questioned in 2004-05 for the IHDS-I (ICPSR 22626). METHODOLOGY : All the calculations are done in regard to Rural and Urban : the Monthly per capita In addition to that population, mean household size, share of social groups, share of religious groups, share of male & female population, mean HH income, mean land owned size, mean consumption expenditure, mean Adult Education level, mean number of assets, Principle source of Income for household, principle source of income for hh, main source of income for household are calculated at state level Poverty head count ratios, Poverty Gap Index, Squared Poverty Gap, Gini coefficient. All the Calculations are done in STATA M.P 16.0 . The whole paper is divided into three parts : the first part deals with economic aspects ,second part deals with demographic aspects and the third part deals with social aspects of the States under study.
KEYWORDS
As stated by Hirschman and Rothschild : “In the early stages of rapid economic development, when inequalities in the distribution of income among different classes, sectors and regions are apt to increase sharply, it can happen that society’s tolerance for such disparities will be substantial. To the extent that such tolerance comes into being, it accommodates, as it were, the increasing in- equalities in an almost providential fashion. But this tolerance is like a credit that falls due at a certain date. It is extended in the expectation that eventually the disparities will narrow again. If this,does not oc- cur, there is bound to be trouble and, perhaps, disaster “ (Hirschman and Rothschild, 1973, P 545). The benefits of growth were cornered by a small influential section of society with patronage from the polity as India progressed from an underdeveloped to a developing nation, and the challenge of disseminating the benefits of growth with distributive justice grew amidst widening horizontal and vertical distribution. Thus for achieving inclusive growth and development in India its important to develop the backward states of India such as Uttar Pradesh ,Bihar and Jharkhand where the economic growth is very less.There is a need for planning at localized level for literacy.There can be witnessed a link between economic ,demographic and social aspects of the States . The states of North East have the best development indicators the traditions have shown to bridge the Gender Gap in Nagaland as well as Assam.Thus first priorties should be fulfilment of basic physiological needs such as food water etc as in all these three states Uttar Pradesh,Bihar and Jharkhand poverty indicators show extreme poverty in these states .Social indicators are poor too in these states.A comprehensive approach needs to be adopted which can taken into account these geographical differences across the regions.This can be achieved by acknowledging the differences across the regions and states and providing region specific measures for improvement in Development Indicators.
1. Regional Aspects of Urban-Rural Differential in Literacy in India: 1971 Author(s): Gopal Krishan and Madhav Shyam 2. https://www.epw.in/journal/2020/34/special-articles/landlessness-and-agrarian-inequality-without.html. Landlessness and Agrarian Inequality without LandlordismCaste, Class and Agrarian Structure in Bihar Gaurang R Sahay 2020 3. Ethnicity, Religion, and Identity Politics among Tribes in Jharkhand Anant Kumar, Pramil K Panda https://www.epw.in.ezproxy.jnu.ac.in/system/files/pdf/2018_53/39/CM_LIII_39_290918_A nant_Kumar.pdf 4. Carbon Fantasies Intimate Stories from a Resource Frontier Living with Oil & Coal: Resource Politics & Militarization in Northeast India by Dolly Kikon, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2019; pp xiii + 189, price not indicated. https://www.epw.in.ezproxy.jnu.ac.in/journal/2021/18/book-reviews/carbon-fantasies.html 5. Equality as Tradition Women’s Role in Naga Society U.A Shimray 2002 https://www.epw.in.ezproxy.jnu.ac.in/journal/2002/05/commentary/equality-tradition.html 6. Regional disparities in india N.J.Kurian 7. Regional Disparities in Social Development: Evidence from States and Union Territories of India Naresh Kumar Ritu Rani 8. Intra-Regional Disparities, Inequality and Poverty in Uttar Pradesh https://www.epw.in/journal/2009/26-27/inter-and-intra-state-disparities-special-issues-specials/intra-regional-0
Publication Date
7/18/2026
Peer Review Type
Double-Blind Peer Review
Review Rounds: 2
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