Retaining wall with Stone Drainage

A retaining wall with a clean stone drainage zone and properly designed weep-hole or perforated collector pipe can help control water accumulation behind the wall. The system works only when the filter is compatible with the soil, drainage components are continuous, outlets remain open, and water is discharged safely. The drainage detail must be integrated with the overall retaining-wall design, including earth pressure, groundwater, surcharge, foundation capacity, and global stability. This paper provides a conceptual review and should not be used as a substitute for site-specific engineering design.

1.      Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Earth Retaining Structures, geotechnical engineering guidance and publications. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/engineering/geotech/ 2.      U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Retaining and Flood Walls, Engineering Manual EM 1110-2-2502. 3.      ASTM International. ASTM D4751, Standard Test Methods for Determining Apparent Opening Size of a Geotextile. 4.      ASTM International. ASTM D4491, Standard Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Permittivity. 5.      Relevant current Indian Standards, project specifications, and local authority requirements should be consulted for the final design. 6.      Das, B. M., and Sobhan, K. Principles of Geotechnical Engineering. Cengage Learning. 7.      Coduto, D. P., Yeung, M. R., and Kitch, W. A. Geotechnical Engineering: Principles and Practices. Pearson.