Review Article on Critical Analysis of Sandhyacharya

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasingly prevalent worldwide and are largely influenced by lifestyle-related factors. Ayurveda emphasizes preventive healthcare through structured daily and seasonal regimens, including specific guidelines for transitional periods such as Sandhya Kala (dusk). Classical Ayurvedic texts, particularly Bhavaprakasha, describe certain activities—namely eating, studying, sleeping, sexual intercourse, and walking—as contraindicated during dusk. These guidelines are based on physiological and Dosha transitions occurring at this time. Sandhya Kala represents the junction between day and night, characterized by a shift from Kapha to Vata Dosha, changes in light exposure, hormonal fluctuations, and circadian rhythm modulation. This transition influences digestive capacity, cognitive function, hormonal balance, energy levels, and sleep physiology. Modern scientific evidence supports these observations by demonstrating alterations in melatonin secretion, cortisol levels, enzymatic activity, core body temperature, and visual strain during dusk. This review aims to analyze the classical Ayurvedic prohibitions during Sandhya Kala and provide scientific justification for these practices in the context of contemporary physiology. Understanding and incorporating these time-specific lifestyle modifications may contribute to improved health, prevention of lifestyle disorders, and overall well-being.